. Harry's friend Logan studies a lot, so Harry assumes that Logan is smart. Their prediction provedcorrect. stream Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) conducted one of the first studies examining cognitive dissonance. On the other hand, people paid only $1 were more likely to say, when asked later, that the experiment was "not bad" or that it was "interesting.". The interview consisted of four questions, on each of which the S was first encouraged to talk about the matter and was then asked to rate his opinion or reaction on an 11-point scale. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. Subjects rated this using a scale of negative 5 to positive 5 (-5 to +5). Psychol., 1954, 49, 211-218. in order to reduce dissonance. This, however, was unlikely in this experiment because money was used for the reward and it is undoubtedly difficult to convince oneself that one dollar is more than it really is. On the other hand, the ones who were paid $20, apparently had the money as their primary justification for carrying out their task. They will decide they wanted to do it anyway, or that maybe it was a good idea, in retrospect. Cognitive dissonance is one form of social comparison. Before the subjects left the experiment, the experimenter commented that his research assistant would be unavailable to help the following day. xc```c``Ab,@rb0Sb3``!`m@y"f@00]`ah|GC "$ 90 0 obj
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Now Lilly says that classic rock is her favorite music, too. Recently Festinger (1957) proposed a theory concerning cognitive dissonance from which come a number of derivations about opinion change following forced compliance. /ImageB "Fight acts, not feelings," is the banner of anti-racist social scientists. _____ is the scientific study of how a person's thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. The behavioral component of prejudice is______. A follow-up psychiatric exam found no signs of psychological problems after 1 year. In the famous Festinger experiment, participants were paid either $1 or $20 to lie to a woman in the waiting room about how interesting the task really was. The said group served as the control group of the experiment. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 55, 72-75. Then, identify the underlined modifier by writing P for positive degree, C for comparative degree, or S for superlative degree. Festinger and Carlsmith further concluded, based off the the control group, that those who were only paid $1 felt that they were forcing themselves to explain how "enjoyable" of a task this was when in reality it was not. 4. KELMAN, H. Attitude change as a function of response restriction Hum. The favor was to take the place of the research assistant, who was supposed to prepare subjects for the experiment by giving them a positive attitude toward it. The theory was first introduced in his 1957 book A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance and further elaborated in the article Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance (Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959). Maria had fallen victim to the_______technique. New York Times, p.C1. If no factors other than his private opinion are considered it would follow, at least in our culture, that if he believes "X" he would publicly state "X." To start with, she asks her boyfriend to cook dinner for her. The neurotransmitter that seems most involved in aggression is_________. What happens when students are asked to defend positions contrary to their beliefs? The dissonance could, consequently, be reduced by magnifying the importance of this cognition. The Effects of Prejudice, Stereotype & Discrimination In short, when an S was induced, by offer of reward, to say something contrary to his private opinion, this private opinion tended to change so as to correspond more closely with what he had said. A fraction of the participants (the control group) was thanked and let go after an interview. When experimenters asked later for the truth, the highly paid subjects said the experiment was actually boring. Copyright 2007-2018 Russ Dewey 0000011828 00000 n The content of what the S said before the girl made the remark that her friend told her it was boring. Imagine you are a participant in a famous experiment staged by the creative Festinger and his student J. Merrill Carlsmith (1959). A concrete example involves the Civil Rights movement of the 1960s in the United States. Prejudice is to ____ as discrimination is to _______. Our identity is in part created by identifying ourselves with the organization or the community for which the sacrifices have been made. Festinger & Carlsmith Cognitive dissonance consequences of forced 52 0 obj OF A POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVE EXPLANATION. If the results of our experiment are to be taken as strong corroboration of the theory of cognitive dissonance, this possible alternative explanation must be dealt with. The "Robber's Cave" experiment showed the value of _____in combating prejudice. /H [ 658 210 ] For Jerry, going to the dog races a lot represents the___________component of an attitude. The stronger the S's positive statements about the tasks, and the more ways in which he said they were interesting and enjoyable, the higher the rating. Abused children grow up to become abusers about one third of the time. The more you see someone, the more likely you are to _____ that person. A rating of how persuasive and convincing the S was in what he said and the way in which he said it. Maria's fellow professor asked her to teach an honors class in the spring. Identify the following terms or individuals and explain their significance: Which of the following is an example of indirect characterization? e_@{:o>A~66O;_w0diF] S X'vk@*g%^?TIg.hi:l'z$-~
>,D tZ)+;=bz-{;(j;C+RC?2jyy.B{WqJx~CaV&+*N4h\2%5$rT `L#%rl2`8tl Ec_\kf"~BY In Festinger and Carlsmith's study, the students who were only paid $1 for doing a very boring task . A little more than 60 years ago, Leon Festinger published A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (1957). Dr. Nekita Fuller ] If you change your attitudes, then presumably your behavior will change. Why are black people stopped by police more than white people? As a rule, cognitive dissonance theory predicts that attitudes and behaviors will remain in synchrony. (The secretary had left the office.) (Boulding, 1969). Selena has just used the, Changing ones behavior due to a direct order of an authority figure is referred to as. In the Latane and Darley experiment, subjects were most likely to help when______. In this study, Festinger and Carlsmith found that In this course, students are required to spend a certain number of hours as subjects (Ss) in experiments. More surprisingly, if you change a person's behavior, attitudes change to match the behavior. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 203-210. Cognitive dissonance theory implies that if you demand respect, you will get it. Description of Study endobj The importance of this announcement will become clear shortly. Lately she has noticed that she seems to play better when there are people watching her than which she is playing alone. His boss, Marco, assumes that traffic was bad this morning. Please sign in to share these flashcards. The third asks whether that subject finds the activity important, again using the scale of 0 to 10. Jerry goes to a lot of dog races because he enjoys them and loves to see the dogs run. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Conformity In The Stanford Prison Experiment, Stereotypes: The Role Of Discrimination In Social Groups, Summary Of Stereotypes That Affect Social Interaction. The same logic applies to selfish concerns such as getting other people to respect you. These Ss were hired for twenty dollars to do the same thing. According to Sternberg, married (committed) people who also have intimacy and passion are in the form of love called______love. Half of them were offered $1 to do it, and half of them were offered $20. The questions are as follows: As may be seen, the questions varied in how directly relevant they were to what the S had told the girl. Once a situation has been defined as an emergency, the next step in the decision-making process is_______. Three Ss (one in the One Dollar and two in the Twenty Dollar condition) refused to take the money and refused to be hired. Let us then see what can be said about the total magnitude of dissonance in a person created by the knowledge that he said "not X" and really believes "X." Elizabeth's room is almost always a mess. Some have already been discussed. Which event or moment has the greatest effect on the author's decision to protest? c5; Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) Term 1 / 8 aim Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 8 show that a person's private opinion will change to reduce dissonance when it conflicts with what they are forced to do Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by UorFawzi Terms in this set (8) aim The participants who were in the control group were not given any motivation. In explaining our own behavior, we tend to use situational attributions rather than personal, which is, When prejudicial attitudes cause members of a particular social group to be treated differently than the others in situations that call for equal treatment, it is called. _______ occurs when people begin to think that it is more important to maintain a group's cohesiveness than to objectively consider the facts. A bank loan officer thinks people who speak with an accent are lazy; consequently, he refuses to grant them loans. For an hour, you are required to perform dull tasks, such as turning wooden knobs again and again. (1984, August) Psychology Today, pp.40-45. Scott, W. A. They changed their attitudes to relieve the dissonance and fully believed that the activities were interesting. Psych Web has over 1,000 pages, so it may be elsewhere on the site. If you already know how to turn off your ad blocker, just hit the refresh icon or F5 after you do it, to see the page. Deception is the cornerstone of the experiment conceived by Leon Festinger in the year 1959. _______ occurs when a person fails to take responsibility for actions or for inaction because of the presence of other people who are seen to share the responsibility.