and then to be taken up again in the Civil Rights struggles of the 20th century. The Civil Rights Act of 1866, which granted blacks born in the United States the same rights as white citizens, also became law (in April) over the president's objection. e17bZVXrKW@]snp/bAb Ff# 4} GoBEeNoh,:XDlU@? 1&f<6a&wX5:(mIt%`}o"0`PVi>r#7e^2F+Y{\p^W In the South, the failure of Republican state governments to make serious inroads on the politics of the region led to a weakening resolve to protect the civil and political rights of freedmen. Analyzing Primary SourcesThis lesson involves using a number of primary source documents authored by a variety of people; some were highly educated, others were less so, and still others were recently freed slaves who were barely literate. The Radical. Presented to the Capitalists and People of the Central and Northern States, by Bannister, Cowan & Company, Group E: Excerpt from Albert T. Morgan, Yazoo, Or, On the Picket Line of Freedom, 1881. Share Croppers:Mostly Freedmen who had no tools or supplies, and worked, farmed, and lived on someone else's land. ]~ys6i`>lp=xY9'X\eQS%'#H 'Id~ti+i0q>?5 xL*m18&) B:17R#Y#>\ But in his first showdown with Congress upon being elected, Grant backed down and accepted a compromise proposal with the Senate even after the House had voted to join him in his opposition to the Act. Think about the italicized questions In June 1868, Congress determined that Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina had met the requirements, and the states were admitted to the Union. Again, there were many reasons for the poor government in the South, including violence and sabotage from groups like the Ku Klux Klan and the racial animosity that inspired them, a general unwillingness to accept the political and social implications of equality under the law, and a lingering deep resistance to the idea of the supremacy of the Constitution and Union to state and local authority in matters of national significance. The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy. Removing #book# f[=v5GS!Q"+x ml\8fzp +l~xZ0&>@U 8!.VUY[ ~A>}et!F2zfJ(9)29v^A4bk`=Nv^OhGEypb6u;Cj=:Ywq1wb)t+BlL;b[n[QO[*+*+!U$w q'YA*O$_gk.0 l4 The Presidential Plans (Lincoln and Johnson), the Congressional 'j/%>Rgy|@mePxSNOw5Nu'IbL`hEfYaWk*_p No. 2. What problems were faced by the freed slaves? For each group, briefly describe (in one paragraph) the primary motivations and objectives that moved them to action. This helped to shape the national political debate for generations. answer choices Why was the election of 1876 called the Disputed Election? It prohibited state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of slavery. Who was the Republican candidate in the election of 1868? The Democratic Party was disbanded and replaced with a new, more liberal version of the Republican Party. It gave all men, regardless of race, the ability to vote in the United States. How did John Wilkes Booth affect Reconstruction? General Grant National Memorial, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park, Ulysses S Grant National Historic Site, Download the official NPS app before your next visit, Reconstruction Era National Historic Park, reconstruction era national historical park, Reconstruction Era National Historical Park. 'B!Kck#'=kimtfqqT~>(i{w-[V] This legislation overturned "Black Codes" that had been established in the former Confederate states and had been used to keep African Americans in a near-state of slavery. Who had been his early political supporters? 9RR}yswNQZ8][1FM_+ Radical Republicans thought it was letting the South off too easily. Lincolns view, while prudent, was not extremely popular. It was approved by both houses in June 1866. hWO0Gx`*Bi1 `ZS"%;;NS5J;|@@hHx4&"A $ #p H}AxChDGOB(9S,vcs:JI]V]WywIO{{AS !^}8;]:yNc0v*4Xqa`p k5 z2 9&+cr'~ IOV~=GHB:'*kXa=9r^baYz/1ag7F:,Ww AF;{zVV5S-l/"NZ|'Ol,U#dmCUGe^eE?Ze\mLFMeSZ`E#`jcj~Qm|V$vN81t~~b2[_\$#'b*$]t# Johnson and Secretary of War Edwin Stanton were bitter enemies, and the president wanted to get rid of him. The Reconstruction Era was a transformative period in U.S. history that took place during the Civil War era. And Black Americans continued to face acts of organized intimidation, mob violence, and murder because of their race. It was thought the freed slaves would be forced to work. After 10% of a states voters signed a loyalty oath to the Union and the Constitution and abolished slavery, it could hold elections and vote and would be granted a full pardon and readmitted to the Union. The Southerners saw the Freedmen's Bureau as an organization giving free food to freedmen but never requiring them to work, making them lazy. While not generally used today, it was accepted usage (by both black and white writers) during this period and it is part of the historical record. While there were some improvements in African American life in the post-war South, many whites were reluctant to abandon their racist attitudes and biased practices. Given sentence below refers to a numbered sentence in the passage. The teacher may also wish to begin thinking about how the class is to be divided into small groups (3-5 is suggestedbut the teacher should judge the correct size based on the size of the class) as several of the activities in this lesson involve small group work. 422 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<265032BD191E80938A6ADD50CB5C2A09><70F37FA8EF8F2147B5D06180275EA241>]/Index[414 23]/Info 413 0 R/Length 60/Prev 68229/Root 415 0 R/Size 437/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Reconstruction strategy that was based on severely punishing South for causing war. Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that each state rewrite its state constitution to allow for black male voting rights before readmittance into the Union. It was left to the Senate to try the presidentwith Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presidingand determine whether he should be removed from office. %PDF-1.5 % Who were the Exodusters? The teacher will also want to discuss the vernacular and odd spellings that occasionally come through in diary entries and interviews with ordinary citizens and ex-slaves. Moreover, the horrors of the late war were alive in the memories of most Americans and the real or imagined threat of resumed and open hostilities operated with more persuasive force than the best of arguments. The Black Codes included tactics like fines, arrests, and kidnapping to force African Americans back into bondage working on Southern farms without, technically, enslaving them. Which group was still not aloud to vote? No. The First Reconstruction Act (March 1867) invalidated the state governments established under Johnson's policies (except the government of Tennessee, which had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment) and divided the former Confederacy into five military districts. Were there any black governors in the South during Reconstruction? How did Amendments 13, 14, & 15 help African Americans? If you leave this page, your progress will be lost. ;R5p c-Ncc:ey].Ai4d1]'M-azo!/,'Kx5,:aC;C .Qhg Please wait while the activity loads. What was the congressional response? African American males would not have the right to vote until the Fourteenth Amendment was passed. List the groups in chronological order that ran and controlled the Reconstruction process in the US Government. The KKK wanted to move power in government back to the Democratic Party. Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain, February 17, 1868 during the South Carolina Constitutional Convention, Excerpt from Senator Carl Schurz of Missouri, Excerpt from a Speech from Richard H. Cain. What happened to white small farmers during this time? What were the economic beliefs of the Radical Republicans? A large number of immigrants and African Americans were given voting rights. WebReconstruction was a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States, but most historians consider it a failure. Reconstruction aimed to bring the southern states back into the Union, reestablish southern loyalty to the United States Constitution, integrate freed slaves into society, and repair the southern economy that no longer had the advantage of slave labor. Much of the legislation enacted in the name of racial equality was to be undone in the coming years by rulings coming from the Supreme Court (Plessy v. Ferguson, The Civil Rights Cases, etc.) a form of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established in 1865 by Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War. 5. Republicans regained a substantial number of voters who had previously been denied voting rights due to unproven war crimes. What tactics were used? WebThe reconstruction approach they preferred was embodied in the WadeDavis bill (July 1864), which called for the establishment of a military government in each state and required at least fifty percent of the eligible voters to swear allegiance to the United States. from your Reading List will also remove any Each document corresponds to one of the five Topics in the After Reconstruction section of the interactive. How did the WadeDavis Bill deal with the issues of Reconstruction? This lesson plan will explore the social, economic and political conditions of the United States as Reconstruction drew to a close in the years leading up to the Compromise of 1877. TQSCQIf@*$ Because of doubts about the constitutionality of the new Civil Rights Act, the congressional Joint Committee on Reconstruction drafted the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. RZhC What terms did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 put in place for the Southern states who had not yet ratified the Fourteenth Amendment? for freed slaves. President Ulysses S. Grant had been elected partly because he seemed to show promise of strong executive leadership, but also because he was viewed in the afterglow of his wartime success. What limited African American freedom during Reconstruction? But how much really changed? The teacher should divide the class into four small groups. How did the stereotype of carpetbaggers compare with the reality? still conservative Republicans. Upon taking office, Grant hoped to build upon the previously established framework by championing the 15th Amendment to enhance, protect, and guarantee black male voting rights nationwide. Previous Once you are finished, click the button below. To help African Americans, particularly those who had been enslaved, adjust to life with increased rights and responsibilities, To ensure that white voters supported anti-slavery laws and policies. They passed two bills. (Ge,YAjB%f~&L uG0Bqw4$VFF[RN ;J_:;`' Several states refused to either repudiate the huge debt produced by the war or unconditionally accept the Thirteenth Amendment. In this Did black voting end in 1877 with the end of Reconstruction? Eph/LWNMK $r3R6W>44w9(Hct:@LN@@4H9O$T,\LuqDk9HMZ] 7l7{7eCUbMWmh"!baox]51Q"EF kRm'C*_@Q$VF*`C{:7v I"q{n]w)cqJ}q*6]d&5PhdSh3_|`k^Mq!U\:fqo,SI0L6-;jTS(WOC6"ZCx+5bo42+Pp;3:=BbXm)]IF The historians aim is to write the first comprehensive history of the period. The House of Representatives even voted to impeach Johnson over an appointment he made that violated the newly instated Tenure of Office Act. What did the conflict between Johnson and Congress result in? What was the purpose of the Freedmens Bureau? As a result, these farmers remained in a form of economic bondage, tied to the landowner with no foreseeable way of making enough personal profit to become independent. Hayes would be president with the understanding that he would deal 'justly' with the south (leave them alone and allow them to restore white supremacy. gave blacks equal access to public accommodations If loading fails, click here to try again. The Compromise of 1877 gave the South and its Democratic majority the reigns to carry out social and legal reforms as they saw fit without federal interference or oversight. answer choices True False Question 19 30 seconds Q. This narrative was promoted by former Confederates, academics, and politicians alike and served to falsely provide an underlying ideology to justify denying equal rights. After completing both sections of the worksheet, the group should discuss what they have learned about their topic through the interactive and the document. Saliency maps reveal directly how much a change in each input pixel would affect reconstruction loss, while each pixel's reconstruction error may be attributed to many input pixels when layers are fully connected. Women's rights advocates Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were incensed that the Fifteenth Amendment did not also list gender among the conditions that could not be used to deny a citizen the right to vote. The documents listed above in conjunction with an examination of the painting could be used to spark an in-class discussion of the difficulties facing the South as it moved from one kind of social structure to a new, more American, way of life. Prior to his election Congress had already passed, among other legislative acts: Guaranteed protection for all U.S. citizens, regardless of color, to "to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, give evidence, and to the full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of persons and property as is enjoyed by white citizens, and shall be subject to like punishment, pains, penalties, taxes, licenses, and exactions of every kind." Atticus G. Haygood (then President of Emory University), Our Brother in Black: His Freedom and Our Future, 1881, William Robert Houghton, Two Boys in the Civil War and After, An AutobiographyA Southern Colored Woman, Lesson 1: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Aftermath of War, Lesson 2: The Battle Over Reconstruction: The Politics of Reconstruction, The Battle Over Reconstruction: Southern Recovery. What was Johnson's plan for Reconstruction? Rather than working with congressmen who might have supported his Reconstruction plan, Johnson alienated potential political allies by vetoing legislation intended to ensure civil rights for African Americans. President Ulysses S. Grant presided over the waning days of Reconstruction. It required former Confederate states to include a ban on slavery in their state constitutions. It contributed to a chastening of Republican ambitions in the South and forced the party to concentrate on maintaining its base of support in the North rather than growing the party in Dixie. Demonstrate their ability to navigate through a statistical map interactive. endstream endobj 116 0 obj <>stream But another clear reason was the often ineffective and incompetent governing that characterized many of the post-war Republican Southern governments. Literacy tests were put into place requiring citizens to read difficult passages from legal documents in order to be able to vote. endstream endobj 119 0 obj <>stream All the of the African American were expelled in 1868 when whites said that the Constitution gave freedmen the right to vote, but never explicitly said they had the right to run for and hold an office because they were once slaves. endstream endobj 115 0 obj <>stream Describe the agriculture system of the New South. Expert Help. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. The Freedmen's Bureau was designed to help blacks and poor whites by providing cloths, food, and education. _ Which of the following best summarizes President Lincolns attitude toward the policies and process of Reconstruction? The speeches backfired. C04I!q^Q);i])G~H.HdRYBBYRi8,i 7P.,NPI Women's groups withdrew support to work on woman's suffrage. Learning Objectives Evaluate the successes and The Command of the Army Act prevented the president from issuing orders to the military except through the general of the army, who at the time was Ulysses S. Grant; additionally, the commanding general could not be removed without the Senate's consent. many became sharecroppers. Congressional Reconstruction. Take sample from your personal experience. Farmers would collude to drive up prices of certain crops. pF{:RTV hVKo@+{l>[" mD1j*E9Uvwf]R0p#\hXbX@" kB" z5:w[*aUwiD2[Av4ft?eSdMN'Vm'yl9/fh-5E"$tXM_=?)[1ZX&/rW-]gK@0Xmzf7+U-"jE1ENM|:2!US.N,'(g({e]a]X`6K(R(:eFF| hwAocF@s00Zm/~;?VJoI(s` }L 6k'pU]sT@VY&Cv; XH8FgCL=rM5Ax6Kv$8u#+8>&`v ? Use the links above to research more about each aspect of Reconstruction, List the name of your character on the worksheet. How did the Compromise of 1877 effectively end Reconstruction? Adoption of the amendment was an issue in the 1866 congressional elections, but the president's campaign against it did not work. bookmarked pages associated with this title. that he violated the Tenure of Office Act--by firing Sec of War Stanton. %%EOF Despite the passage of progressive new laws, racist attitudes prevented open access to employment, education, voting, and protection against violence. The amendment also denies to anyone who had participated in rebellion against the United States or had given aid and comfort to those in rebellion the right to hold any national or state office, an exclusion intended to undercut Johnson's pardon policy and protect the rights of blacks, particularly those of former slaves and particularly their right to vote. Exclusion of the last group reflected Johnson's hatred of the planter aristocracy rather than some condition that had to do with restoring the former Confederate states. Who was one of the first black representatives in the Georgia Assembly? many had borrowed form the merchants who forclosed on them when they could not pay. _Rd~HYzA?NMDDJHojx,zZ gk3pi:A2!I,8X^78ZrT]RruNx6 It forbade any state to deny any citizen the right to vote because of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude", Northerners who went south in search for profits; Southners who supported the Republican governments in the South. instituted public school systems and did away with the property requirements for voting. EDSITEment is a project of theNational Endowment for the Humanities, Smithsonian Learning Lab collection on the Reconstruction Era, America's Reconstruction: People and Politics After the Civil War, Freedmen and Southern Society Project: Chronology of Emancipation, Excerpts from the testimony of Maddie Curtis, Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869, The Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, Letter from President Ulysses S. Grant to the Hon. %PDF-1.5 % Lincoln "pocket-vetoed" this bill by refusing to sign it after Congress had adjourned. However, Congress refused to seat the newly elected senators and representatives from the South. 109 0 obj <> endobj WebThe Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 Split ten former Confederate states (excluding Tennessee) into five military districts to be overseen by the U.S. military and mandated that How might a fact like this have affected opinions on questions such as civil rights, government contracts for major infrastructure improvements (such as railroads) and shaped views on questions such as education? *SY(u% 9 It also made it difficult to enforce Republican plans for Reconstruction or the 14th and 15th Amendments to the Constitution. What are the Constitutional Grounds for impeachment? At the end of this lesson, each student should demonstrate his or her proficiency by doing one of the following: 1. [c5vk~a5T?, P[oFVB-"X7/S{+} 2b(RG,}ti\ Grant was nearly universally revered by the time of his death in 1885. Connected to this question were larger discussions about the rights of four million newly-freed African Americans, the extent to which former Confederates should be punished for their role in the war, the fulfillment of "Manifest Destiny" through westward expansion and settlement of Indian Country, and the meanings of freedom and justice in the United States. white violence, KKK, terrorizing blacks and those who supported them so they wouldn't vote. What was the purpose behind the Black Codes? The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. While many of the efforts at reconstruction were legitimate and well-intentioned, a good number were not. Grandfather clauses gave citizens the right to vote if their grandfathers had been able to vote in elections prior to Reconstruction. wealthy plantation owners and Confederate officials. Both African Americans and whites were part of the carpetbagger migration. WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like sharecropping, Freedman's Bureau, Wade-Davis Plan and more. D. H. Chamberlain, Governor of South Carolina (on the occasion of riots in Hamburg, S.C.), August 1, 1876, Group C: Excerpt from Carl Schurz, speech in the Senate, January 30, 1872, Group D: Rutherford B. Hayes, letter of acceptance of the nomination for the Presidency, June 8, 1876. The impact of scandal on the national political debate was real. At every step, Congress intervened and put laws in place that circumvented and, in some cases, limited the Presidents authority. 2. Identify specific problems that may have emerged as a result of Reconstruction policy in its many and varied permutations. endstream endobj 415 0 obj <>/Metadata 42 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[423 0 R]>>/Outlines 67 0 R/PageLabels 408 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 410 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/StructTreeRoot 70 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 416 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 417 0 obj <>stream corruption did not come to an end. He pushed for the establishment of the Department of Justice in 1870, which was tasked with investigating acts of violence against African Americans. WebEvaluating Reconstruction Directions: Watch Crash Course #22 and use your Reconstruction Notes to answer the questions below. But in the end, events overpowered the best thinking on both sides of this divide and the impact of these great victories was left to be felt and interpreted by a new generation of Americans. . How did the Amnesty Act of 1872 change Southern politics? Required 50% of southern white men to swear allegiance of the union and accept the end of slavery. Instead, Johnson focused primarily on putting Union-loyal white leaders in place in Southern statehouses. What did the 15th Amendment accomplish ? Johnson, a Democrat, had little control over Reconstruction policy due to the Republican control of Congress. they became caught up in debt. Irving E. Lowery, Life on the Old Plantation in Ante-Bellum Days, 1911, Group C: Excerpt from the conclusion of Holland Thompson, From the Cotton Field to the Cotton Mill: A Study of the Industrial Transition in North Carolina, 1906, Group D: The Resources of North Carolina: Its Natural Wealth, Condition, and Advantages, as Existing in 1869. While some historians see Reconstruction as both success and failure, Foner takes an unequivocal stance that Reconstruction was not at all successful. He cites several reasons in support of his opinion economic and political, as well as social. Ulysses S. Grant, Gen Commander of the Union forces in the Civil War. 2 Third step is about monitoring of collections 3 Involves the evaluation of. What wasthe primary purpose of the Reconstruction period following the Civil War? Worked a piece of land for a fixed share of the crop. Based on the documents reviewed in this lesson, list some of the leading and competing political interests in the South as Reconstruction was drawing to a close. Ryan read an exegesis of the cryptic poem because .. What is meant by the term Reconstruction? Question 11 30 seconds Q. Sharecroppers typically did not have enough good farmland or time to tend to it. It formally brought the Southern states back into the Union. The Amnesty Act of 1872 completely flipped the script on Southern politics and halted the progress being made by Reconstruction efforts. The House and Senate refused to seat southern delegates. Grant also supported a series of legislative acts in 1871 to enhance the federal government's ability to use the military to stop acts of racial terrorism committed by the Ku Klux Klan, and in 1875 he signed a Civil Rights law that outlawed racial discrimination in public transportation and accommodations, and barred black exclusion from jury service.
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