While this includes all species of birds, there is a hypothesis that many, if not all non-avian dinosaur species also possessed feathers in some shape or form. Overall, these creatures were short, stout, and powerfully built. [46] Galton (2019) interpreted plates of an armored dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) Lower Kota Formation of India as fossils of a member of Ankylosauria; the author argued that this finding indicates a probable early Early Jurassic origin for both Ankylosauria and its sister group Stegosauria. Jurassic West: The Dinosaurs of the Morrison Formation and Their World. besttroodon 5 yr. ago No they do not have feathers. The finding raises the possibility that the very earliest. Two pairs of pointed bony spikes were present on the end of the tail. Become a member and. Its head was held low and its stiff tail was poised high in the air. According to a recent study, they may have evolved in another group. This dinosaur has a tyrannosauroid dinosaur classification, the same as T. Rex. [39] Stegosaurian teeth were small, triangular, and flat; wear facets show that they did grind their food. Over the last two decades, thousands of fossils unearthed in China's Liaoning Province have confirmed what paleontologists long suspected: Dinosaurs rocked feathers long before birds took to the sky. The dinosaurs with hips structured similarly to lizards include the great sauropods (e.g., apatosaurs, brachiosaurs, and diplodocoids), and the carnivorous theropods (e.g., tyrannosaurs, and dromaeosaurs). [75] Mobility of the plates, however, has been disputed by other paleontologists. [49], Stegosaurus frequently is discovered in its own clade in Stegosauridae called Stegosauridae, usually including the taxa Wuerhosaurus and Loricatosaurus,[50] though Hesperosaurus is sometimes found in the group. Simply put, 150 million years ago, some incredibly large creatures walked the earth. In Foster, John R.; and Lucas, Spencer G. [58] More recently, a study of the tail spikes by McWhinney et al.,[84] which showed a high incidence of trauma-related damage, lends more weight to the position that the spikes were indeed used in combat. 38. In terms of its, sometimes unique, physical characteristics, Carnotaurus was known for its unique features, including its flat snout, horns above its eyes, teeny tiny arms and long, muscular legs. Stegosaurus could have easily bitten through smaller green branches, but would have had difficulty with anything over 12mm in diameter. [40], Despite the animal's overall size, the braincase of Stegosaurus was small, being no larger than that of a dog. There is a small bump on the back of the blade, that would have served as the base of the triceps muscle. Like most plant-eating dinosaurs, it had no teeth in the front of its mouth, but only a beak. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the subadult Stegosaurus specimen had a bite similar in strength to that of modern herbivorous mammals, in particular, cattle and sheep. Palaeontologists have known for about two decades that theropods, the dinosaur group that contained the likes of Tyrannosaurus and Velociraptor and from which modern birds evolved, were covered. Score: 4.3/5 (1 votes) . Both groups evolved from a lineage of smaller armoured dinosaurs such as Scutellosaurus and Scelidosaurus of the Early Jurassic Period (206 million to 180 million years ago). Debate is raging about whether pterosaurs, flying reptiles that lived alongside the dinosaurs, had feathers or not. This covering of spikes might have been based on a misinterpretation of the teeth, which Marsh had noted were oddly shaped, cylindrical, and found scattered, such that he thought they might turn out to be small dermal spines. It is also present in birds. Determining the extent of this creatures range is difficult to do, because their fossils are somewhat rare. 327-329. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, "Principal characters of American Jurassic dinosaurs, part IX. Stegosaurus usually grew to a length of about 6.5 metres (21 feet), but some reached 9 metres (30 feet). Stegosaurus, (genus Stegosaurus ), one of the various plated dinosaurs ( Stegosauria) of the Late Jurassic Period (159 million to 144 million years ago) recognizable by its spiked tail and series of large triangular bony plates along the back. However, as Carpenter[25] has noted, the plates overlap so many tail vertebrae, movement would be limited. Well preserved integumentary impressions of the plates of Hesperosaurus show a smooth surface with long and parallel, shallow grooves. Even though the larger adult tyrannosaurs probably didn't have any feathers, the babies, which were much smaller and . This was supported by elongated vertebrae (bones that make up the spinal column). While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The only interactions between Stegosaurus and humans are in movies and television. [86] It also may function as a balance organ, or reservoir of compounds to support the nervous system. Spinosaurus was a giant meat-eating dinosaur that grew to lengths of 18 m (60 ft.). We know Stegosaurus didn't live in herds, but was probably solitary or lived in small groups. [72], As the plates would have been obstacles during copulation, it is possible the female stegosaur laid on her side as the male entered her from above and behind. [45], Like the spikes and shields of ankylosaurs, the bony plates and spines of stegosaurians evolved from the low-keeled osteoderms characteristic of basal thyreophorans. The Stegosaurus is another famous dinosaur species that has captivated our imagination. Paleontology and Geology of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. Did the Stegosaurus have teeth? [79], The thermoregulation hypothesis has been seriously questioned, since other stegosaurs such as Kentrosaurus, had more low surface area spikes than plates, implying that cooling was not important enough to require specialized structural formations such as plates. Lucas also re-examined the issue of the life appearance of Stegosaurus, coming to the conclusion that the plates were arranged in pairs in two rows along the back, arranged above the bases of the ribs. Did stegosaurus have feathers? . Stegosaurus walked on its toes, which were supported by thick, wedge-shaped pads.. Throat guard. [98], Dinosaurs that lived alongside Stegosaurus included theropods Allosaurus, Saurophaganax, Torvosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Marshosaurus, Stokesosaurus, Ornitholestes, Coelurus and Tanycolagreus. One species, Stegosaurus ungulatus, is one of the largest known of all the stegosaurians, reaching 7 metres (23ft) in length and 3.8 metric tons (4.2 short tons) in body mass, and some specimens indicate an even larger body size. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'animals_net-box-4','ezslot_5',115,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-box-4-0');We know they lived in areas that were semiarid, with a wet season and a dry season. [54], Susannah Maidment and colleagues in 2008 proposed extensive alterations to the taxonomy of Stegosaurus. Fossils of the genus have been found in the western United States and in Portugal, where they are found in Kimmeridgian- to Tithonian-aged . Why were cheeks so important? Fewer S. ungulatus plates have been found, and none articulated, making the arrangement in this species more difficult to determine. 3. Did Ankylosaurus have feathers? "Log on!" Jason shouted. [26][25][24] The Stegosaurus skeletons have been mounted alongside an Allosaurus skeleton collected in Moffat County, Colorado originally in 1979. Omissions? This study showed that 9.8% of Stegosaurus specimens examined had injuries to their tail spikes. This is why you remain in the best website to look the incredible ebook to have. Furthermore, it is puzzling why other stegosaurs and other dinosaurs lacked elaborate thermoregulatory structures. Its skull looked like a parrot, especially the beak, but with no feathers. [14] A third mounted skeleton of Stegosaurus, referred to S. stenops, was put on display at the American Museum of Natural History in 1932. pp. The T. rex actually existed closer in history to humans than to the Stegosaurus. Scant evidence in the fossil record has never been definitive - until now, scientists say. They advocated synonymizing S.stenops and S.ungulatus with S.armatus, and sinking Hesperosaurus and Wuerhosaurus into Stegosaurus, with their type species becoming Stegosaurus mjosi and Stegosaurus homheni, respectively. . Soon after describing Stegosaurus, Marsh noted a large canal in the hip region of the spinal cord, which could have accommodated a structure up to 20 times larger than the famously small brain. Discoveries of articulated stegosaur armor show, at least in some species, these spikes protruded horizontally from the tail, not vertically as is often depicted. Overall, these creatures were short, stout, and powerfully built. Galton noted that the plates in S. stenops have been found articulated in two staggered rows, rather than paired. The Stegosaurus, an armored dinosaur with bony plates running along its backbone and ending in a giant spiked tail, had large space at the end of the spinal cord. In 1914, Charles Gilmore argued against Lull's interpretation, noting that several specimens of S. stenops, including the now-completely prepared holotype, preserved the plates in alternating rows near the peak of the back, and that there was no evidence of the plates having shifted relative to the body during fossilization. [29][26], Sophie the Stegosaurus is the best preserved Stegosaurus specimen, being 85% intact and containing 360 bones. Flexible, armorlike scales protected the throat of Stegosaurus.. Bony plates. That means they were made on day six of creation (Genesis 1:24 . The fact is that evolution has a way of adapting specific anatomical features to multiple functions, so it may well be that the plates of Stegosaurus were literally all of the above: a sexually selected characteristic, a means to intimidate or defend against predators, and a temperature-regulation device. [102], Stegosaurus made its major public debut as a paper mache model commissioned by the U.S. National Museum of Natural History for the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition. They do estimate that they fed on a number of different plant types, including ferns, moss, fruits, cycads, conifers, and horsetails. Evolutionary scientists have recently claimed that pterosaurs had feathers. Display and species recognition remain likely functions for the plates, although such hypotheses are difficult to investigate. The skull's low position suggests that Stegosaurus may have been a browser of low-growing vegetation. This interpretation is supported by the absence of front teeth and their likely replacement by a horny beak or rhamphotheca. A feathered dinosaur is any species of dinosaur possessing feathers. There were flat floodplains, savannas dominated by ferns and the occasional tree, and forests. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/animal/Stegosaurus, Stegosaurus - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Stegosaurus - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Stegosaurus is one of the better-known dinosaurs, and has been featured in film, postal stamps, and many other types of media. While this includes all species of birds, there is a hypothesis that many, if not all non-avian dinosaur species also possessed feathers in some shape or form. "Appendix." They walked on four short legs, had small heads, and long tails capped with defensive spines.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[468,60],'animals_net-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',121,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-medrectangle-4-0'); A line of flattened, plate-like spines ran down their backs. Did all dinosaurs have feather? About 67 million years ago, two iconic dinosaurs, a Triceratops horridus and a Tyrannosaurus rex, died and were quickly buried together side by side in a single grave. Due to their distinctive combination of broad, upright plates and tail tipped with spikes, Stegosaurus is one of the most recognizable kinds of dinosaurs. Stegosaurus, one of the many dinosaurs described in the Bone Wars, was first collected by Arthur Lakes and consisted of several caudal vertebrae, a dermal plate, and several additional postcranial elements that were collected north of Morrison, Colorado at Lakes YPM Quarry 5. [97], The Morrison Formation is interpreted as a semiarid environment with distinct wet and dry seasons, and flat floodplains. Although it was undoubtedly lacking in other respects, Stegosaurus did possess one relatively advanced anatomical feature: Extrapolating from the shape and arrangement of its teeth, experts believe this plant eater may have possessed primitive cheeks. not only the fused up-down motion to which stegosaur jaws were likely limited). It is more likely, however, that much of the sacral cavity was used for storing glycogen, as is the case in many present-day animals. [7] The other, Stegosaurus sulcatus, was named based on a left forelimb, scapula, left femur, several vertebrae, and several plates and dermal armor elements (USNM V 4937) collected in 1883. The presence of a beak extended along much of the jaws may have precluded the presence of cheeks in these species. The spikes were probably used as defense mechanisms, while it is . Stegosaurus, or Triceratops, are still alive. [93], The stegosaurians were widely distributed geographically in the late Jurassic. Which of the following features did Archaeopteryx not have? [25] A study by Mallison (2010) found support for a rearing up posture in Kentrosaurus, though not for ability for the tail to act as a tripod. 'roof-lizard') is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails. [78][81], The vascular system of the plates have been theorized to have played a role in threat displaying as Stegosaurus could have pumped blood into them, causing them to "blush" and give a colorful, red warning. [26] The hind feet each had three short toes, while each fore foot had five toes; only the inner two toes had a blunt hoof. The scapula (shoulder blade) is sub-rectangular, with a robust blade. Spinosaurus probably walked on two legs, but scientists think that it may have been able to walk on all four legs too. Ankylosaurus And Feathers The dinosaurs' closest relatives that had the ability to fly, like the Ptesaurus, were reptiles and were not real dinosaurs. Stegosaurus was extinct for 66 million years before Tyrannosaurus walked on Earth. Fossils of the genus have been found in the western United States and in Portugal, where they are found in Kimmeridgian- to Tithonian-aged strata, dating to between 155 and 145million years ago. Stegosaurus may have preferred drier settings than these other dinosaurs. HAO, B., PENG, G., QIN, G., YE, Y., & JIANG, S. (2018). Sereno, P.C., 1998, "A rationale for phylogenetic definitions, with application to the higher-level taxonomy of Dinosauria". The flora of the period has been revealed by fossils of green algae, fungi, mosses, horsetails, ferns, cycads, ginkoes, and several families of conifers. Stegosaurus wasn't related to modern birds, so it doesn't make sense to have feathers. Corrections? Other ornithischians included Camptosaurus, Gargoyleosaurus, Dryosaurus, Othnielosaurus and Drinker. In Hesperosaurus there are two dorsosacrals, and only four fused sacrals, but in Kentrosaurus there may be as many as seven vertebrae in the sacrum, with both dorsosacrals and caudosacrals. Asked by: Kaia Halvorson. Fossil footprints and detailed studies of its anatomy have proven that Stegosaurus didn't drag its tail on the mud, but actually walked erect, like an elephant, with its tail held horizontally, parallel to the ground. stegosaurus introducing dinosaurs english edition below. It had a small antorbital fenestra, the hole between the nose and eye common to most archosaurs, including modern birds, though lost in extant crocodylians. (1986) found "extreme vascularization of the outer layer of bone",[78][76] which was seen as evidence that the plates "acted as thermoregulatory devices". Confirmed Stegosaurus remains have been found in the Morrison Formation's stratigraphic zones 26, with additional remains possibly referrable to Stegosaurus recovered from stratigraphic zone 1. Lucas commissioned Charles R. Knight to produce a life restoration of S. ungulatus based on his new interpretation. They regarded S.longispinus as dubious. [39] Palaeontologists believe it would have eaten plants such as mosses, ferns, horsetails, cycads, and conifers or fruits. Updates? Description of the Stegosaurus. We can use rock formations to determine habitat, and damaged fossils to speculate interactions between animals, but beyond that all behavior is speculative. . Did the T. rex live in the Mesozoic era? According to paleontologist and National Geographic grantee Jack Horner, it stands to reason that dinosaurs had similar courting behaviors as today's birds. Found in: USA. . [13] These were highly modified osteoderms (bony-cored scales), similar to those seen in crocodiles and many lizards today. This "brain" was proposed to have given a Stegosaurus a temporary boost when it was under threat from predators. (eds.). Long, the American Museum mount was a composite consisting of partial remains filled in with replicas based on other specimens. Loss of feather coating would, by that theory, have been secondary, for instance in the case of the giant dinosaurs that could have become overheated. Dong, Z. M. (1973). Which dinosaurs did not have feathers? Stegosaurus shared the land with a lot of other famous dinosaurs. [24] Landberg excavated the skeleton with the DMNS crews, recovering a 70% complete Stegosaurus skeleton along with turtles, crocodiles, and isolated dinosaur fossils at the quarry that would be nicknamed "The Kessler Site". A feathered dinosaur is any species of dinosaur possessing feathers. The plates had blood vessels running through grooves and air flowing around the plates would have cooled the blood. Of the species that have been classified in the upper Morrison Formation of the western US, only three are universally recognized: S. stenops, S. ungulatus and S. sulcatus. Spinosaurus had a huge sail on its back. [5], At one time, stegosaurs were described as having a "second brain" in their hips. Meet fierce, birdlike, armored, and giant dinosaurs from hundreds of millions of years ago! [22] However, this classification scheme was not followed by other researchers, and a 2017 cladistic analysis co-authored by Maidment with Thomas Raven rejects the synonymy of Hesperosaurus with Stegosaurus. [96] However, a 2016 study indicates that Stegosaurus's bite strength was stronger than previously believed. [2] F. F. Hubbell, a collector for Cope, also found a partial Stegosaurus skeleton while digging at Como Bluff in 1877 or 78 that are now part of the Stegosaurus mount (AMNH 5752) at the American Museum of Natural History. [17] The argument has been a major one in the history of dinosaur reconstruction. These are, of course, digital or animatronic dinosaurs.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'animals_net-banner-1','ezslot_9',116,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-animals_net-banner-1-0'); Humans never domesticated Stegosaurus in any way, and never interacted with these extinct creatures. [28] Christiansen and Tschopp (2010) proposed that the display function would have been reinforced by the horny sheath which would have increased the visible surface and such horn structures are often brightly colored. How aggressive were they? When it lived: Late Jurassic, 155-145 million years ago. Animals.NET aim to promote interest in nature and animals among children, as well as raise their awareness in conservation and environmental protection. [27] The skeleton was nicknamed the "Bollan Stegosaurus" and is in the collections of the Dinosaur Journey Museum. The largest plates were found over the hips and could measure over 60cm (24in) wide and 60cm (24in) tall. (Stegosaurus) How many brains did Stegosaurus have? Tail spikes. Giant sauropods like Diplodocus and Camarasaurus, smaller herbivores like Camptosaurus, and predators including Allosaurus and Ceratosaurus. | SciShow News Watch on In its own period, the late Jurassic, Stegosaurus was a relative minnow, sharing the planet with giant sauropods like Diplodocus and large predators like Allosaurus.Weighing up to 7 metric tons, its mass was similar to that of a large elephant. [41] Actual brain anatomy in Stegosaurus is poorly known, but the brain itself was small even for a dinosaur. Early mammal discoveries were of _____. The saurischian dinosaurs are "lizard-hipped," while the ornithischian dinosaurs are "bird-hipped.". Following renovations to the museum in the 2010s, the model was moved once again for display at the Museum of the Earth in Ithaca, New York. [73], The function of Stegosaurus' plates has been much debated. Past the first few dorsals, the centrum of the bones become more elongate front-to-back, and the transverse processes become more elevated dorsal. (2006). 3-4.500 lbs. The bony plates along its back were embedded in the skin of the animal, not attached to its skeleton, which is why in most . Animal fossils discovered include bivalves, snails, ray-finned fishes, frogs, salamanders, turtles like Glyptops, sphenodonts, lizards, terrestrial and aquatic crocodylomorphs like Hoplosuchus, several species of pterosaurs such as Harpactognathus and Mesadactylus, numerous dinosaur species, and early mammals such as docodonts (like Docodon), multituberculates, symmetrodonts, and triconodonts. They suggested that such metabolisms may have been common for ornithischian dinosaurs in general, with the group evolving towards ectothermy from an ancestor with an endothermic (warm blooded) metabolism. The largest species could grow nearly 30 ft. long and weigh up to 7 metric tons. [29] The specimen is one of the few associated Stegosaurus skeletons known, though it only contains a tooth, 13 vertebrae, partial limbs, a cervical plate, and several assorted postcranial elements. 25). [89] A 2013 study concluded, based on the rapid deposition of highly vascularised fibrolamellar bone, that Kentrosaurus had a quicker growth rate than Stegosaurus, contradicting the general rule that larger dinosaurs grew faster than smaller ones. [25] Initially, Marsh described S.ungulatus as having eight spikes in its tail, unlike S.stenops. . (Compsognathus) Compsognathus was a myth started by a man named Carl Strauss. Farther posteriorly, the proportionately larger the cervicals become, although they do not change greatly in anything other than size. 1. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Stegosaurus had much longer hind legs than forelegs, and very strong muscles around its hips. 2. [5] The majority of the fossils came from Quarry 13, including the type specimen of Stegosaurus ungulatus (YPM 1853), which was collected by Lakes and William Harlow Reed the same year and named by Marsh. Indiana University Press. Stegosaurus, (genus Stegosaurus), one of the various plated dinosaurs (Stegosauria) of the Late Jurassic Period (159 million to 144 million years ago) recognizable by its spiked tail and series of large triangular bony plates along the back. (2007). "All systems, online!" Billy shouted. This art shows a relative of Triceratops (Pachyrhinosaurus) with a thick fur-like feathery covering, which some people have suggested is feasible given its northerly range.. Its great to see that people are warming up to the idea of feathered dinosaurs though, because I have a . They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Stegosaurus, therefore, probably browsed primarily among smaller twigs and foliage, and would have been unable to handle larger plant parts unless the animal was capable of biting much more efficiently than predicted in this study. Stegosaurus (/stsrs/;[1] lit. [101], Marsh published his more accurate skeletal reconstruction of Stegosaurus in 1891, and within a decade Stegosaurus had become among the most-illustrated types of dinosaur. [31] Some large individuals may have reached 7.5m (25ft) in length and 5.05.3 metric tons (5.55.8 short tons) in body mass. world. 'roof-lizard') is a genus of herbivorous, four-legged, armored dinosaur from the Late Jurassic, characterized by the distinctive kite-shaped upright plates along their backs and spikes on their tails. So did dinosaurs have big outer ears? So from being sluggish "terrible lizards" with scales, cold blood and pea-brains that went extinct, dinosaurs are now understood to . Though it is not always perfectly preserved, the acromion ridge is slightly larger than in Kentrosaurus. Dinosaurs did have feathers ancestrally but most groups lost them. McIntosh, J. S. (1981). [39] Their teeth were "not tightly pressed together in a block for efficient grinding",[93] and no evidence in the fossil record of stegosaurians indicates use of gastrolithsthe stone(s) some dinosaurs (and some present-day bird species) ingestedto aid the grinding process, so how exactly Stegosaurus obtained and processed the amount of plant material required to sustain its size remains "poorly understood". The remains of over 80 individual animals of this genus have been found. Much of their notoriety comes from their odd, and intriguing, appearance. Stegosaurus was up to 30 feet (9.1 meters) long. [15] Another composite mount, using specimens referred to S. ungulatus collected from Dinosaur National Monument between 1920 and 1922, was put on display at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in 1940.[16]. This scenario has Stegosaurus foraging at most 1m above the ground. For example, though it states that scales came from the neck of a tyrannosaur, it does not state whether those scales were from the top, bottom, or sides of the neck. It is likely that their life consisted pretty much of slowly searching for food, and defending themselves from predators. Additional support for this idea was a punctured tail vertebra of an Allosaurus into which a tail spike fits perfectly. However, new discoveries and reexamination of existing Stegosaurus specimens since the 1970s suggest that the plates alternated along the backbone, as no two plates from the same animal have exactly the same shape or size. The model was based on Knight's latest miniature with the double row of staggered plates,[12] and was exhibited in the United States Government Building at the exposition in St. Louis before being relocated to Portland, Oregon for the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in 1905. Paleontologists had long thought that Stegosaurus had two parallel rows of plates, either staggered or paired, and that these afforded protection to the animals backbone and spinal cord. These middle Triassic reptiles, dating from about 230 million years ago, included such important genera as Eoraptor, Herrerasaurus, and Staurikosaurus; as far as paleontologists can tell, these were the first true dinosaurs, only recently evolved from their archosaur predecessors. Though adult T. rexes were mostly covered in scales, scientists think . However, the type specimen of S. ungulatus preserves two flattened spine-like plates from the tail that are nearly identical in shape and size, but are mirror images of each other, suggesting that at least these were arranged in pairs. Stegosauria: a historical review of the body fossil record and phylogenetic relationships. Brinkman, P. D. (2010). University of Chicago Press. Did stegosaurus have feathers? It would be blatantly impossible to own one as a pet, even in theory. The blade is relatively straight, although it curves towards the back. While this includes all species of birds, there is a hypothesis that many, if not all non-avian dinosaur species also possessed feathers in some shape or form. [91], Stegosaurus and related genera were herbivores. Sophie was first discovered by Bob Simon in 2003 at the Red Canyon Quarry near Shell, Wyoming and was excavated by crews from the Swiss Sauriermuseum in 2004. 10 besttroodon 5 yr. ago Researchers found many North American specimens in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. These dinosaurs had large flattened plates along the ridges of their backs. An important discovery came in 1937 again at Garden Park by a high school teacher named Frank Kessler in while leading a nature hike. A cranium (CM 12000) was also found by Carnegie crews, one of the few known. [30], The quadrupedal Stegosaurus is one of the most easily identifiable dinosaur genera, due to the distinctive double row of kite-shaped plates rising vertically along the rounded back and the two pairs of long spikes extending horizontally near the end of the tail. . [77] Buffrnil, et al. Stegosaurus went extinct around 150 million years ago, and never lived while humans were on earth. C. 3. However, it has some pretty oddly shaped teeth and jaws. It was initially mounted with paired plates set wide, above the base of the ribs, but was remounted in 1924 with two staggered rows of plates along the midline of the back.
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