This is why it is important for an expecting mother to always check her diet, her overall mental health and her physical readiness to go through pregnancy. This article contains scientific references. While listeriosis can affect anyone, its particularly worrying for pregnant women because it can cause miscarriage, stillbirth or premature birth. The pasteurized raw milk is now combined with a starter culture to convert lactose into lactic acid, thereby solidifying the liquid milk Step 2: Rennet is added to help coagulate the milk. The best thing about salads is how easy and simple they are to make. You can even dip crackers into them and enjoy occasionally. 2005-2023Everyday Health, Inc., a Ziff Davis company. But just to play it safe, monitor your health and look for signs of flu and fever. Can I Eat Bacon While Pregnant? Happily for cheese lovers, most of the cheese sold in the U.S. is completely safe to eat during pregnancy, because most is made from pasteurized milk. The numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, 3) are clickable links to peer-reviewed scientific papers. Made with cow's milk. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); We wanted to make the world of health easy to understand and empower everyday people living everyday lives with the ability to make the right choices and take control of their wellbeing. What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. The National Health Service of the United Kingdom explains that soft cheeses can be dangerous to pregnant people, because these cheeses may contain a type of bacteria known as listeria. Im just going to keep a journal at this point and look for everything . Stretch the pizza dough into a 12 inch circle on a sheet of parchment paper dusted with cornmeal. Which kinds of cheese can you say yes to, and which should take a pregnant pass, for safetys sake? Revived in the Peaks: Health Benefits of Snowboarding. Top with fresh parsley and crumbles of blue cheese (optional). As its often made with unpasteurized milk, blue cheese increases your risk of Listeria poisoning, which is extremely dangerous for unborn babies. This means most ricotta is safe to eat during pregnancy. The birth of a baby is a real happiness and great joy for young parents. Blue Cheese crumbles (also sometimes called Bleu Cheese) are safe if made from pasteurized milk. Blue cheese dips can be enjoyed as a salad dressing, with tacos and even burritos. CONTAINS: MILK. The most remarkable part of pregnancy is actually the development of the baby and everything that plays a factor in its growth for 40 weeks. Do not hesitate to go to an emergency room if you feel any of these symptoms at an alarming rate. 2 pack of Shop Rite Reduced Fat Blue Cheese Crumbled 4oz (Total 8oz) No reviews $3499 ($34.99/Count) FREE delivery Feb 22 - 27 Danish Blue Cheese - Approx. Soft blue cheeses are only safe to eat in pregnancy if theyve been cooked. But now, the FDA says, new data show that Listeria lurks only in unpasteurized feta, Brie, Camembert, queso blanco, queso fresco, blue cheeses, and other soft cheeses. Pasteurizing kills the bacteria and makes it extremely safe for your baby. I love blue cheese crumbles. Those made from pasteurized milk are OK. Can eating blue cheese cause miscarriage? Pour the beer mixture over the noodles in the large pot. Combine chicken, grapes, celery, walnuts and blue cheese in a large mixing bowl. The same applies to blue cheese dressing, the safest way to consume it is to check if the product is pasteurized. Abnormal child development post-birth is another possibility and side effect of Listeriosis which is something you dont want for your child. Play it safe. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. Unpasteurized dairy products are required by law to have a disclosure in most U.S. states. Pizza is a great way to satisfy your bread and cheese cravings simultaneously. Nothing beats a nice, chunky, juicy steak topped with gooey melted blue cheese. Like other cured salamis, pepperoni is a raw food. How do you know if you have Listeria pregnancy? The thickness of the crust, whether its made with maida/ refined flour or whole wheat, the quantity of cheese it contains and oil that goes into the baking process all add up. Most stories of how the blue cheese originated begin with someone forgetting they left their cheese in a cave. Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Everything You Should Know About Listeria Infection (Listeriosis). You can tell by looking at the product label. 1. Newborn babies infected with Listeria can develop either early onset or late onset listeriosis. Is it Safe to Eat Blue Cheese While Pregnant? Just the right accent for burgers, salads, and sandwiches - like the Blazing Buffalo Hero (recipe on back)! For example, the type sold in tubs and used as a salad topping. It's safe, though you need to, Pregnant women should be careful about eating certain foods, including goat cheese. Let it rest for about 5 minutes and blend again until very creamy. The cheese has a salty, bitter, and pungent flavour that is known for its characteristic spots. even if it is made with unpasteurized milk, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Pregnancy Association: "Foods to Avoid During Pregnancy", National Health Service: "Why Can't I Eat Soft Cheeses During Pregnancy? Who doesnt!. Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. I was worried about the blue cheese on my chick fil a salad but I researched and its made with pasteurized milk. Learn more about, Pretty sure it's fine. Its blue or greenish spots are created with spores of Penicillium - a type of fungi - which gives the cheese a distinctive smell and flavour. Stilton during pregnancy is still an acceptable option, despite it being mold ripened; it is a hard cheese, and even if it is made with unpasteurized milk it is still a lot less likely that listeria will be present. INGREDIENTS. should not be construed as a substitute for advice from a medical professional or health care provider. Stir in chicken and cook until browned. When it comes to safe soft blue cheeses to eat during pregnancy, this is what we recommend as long as they are pasteurized: The only exception of eating unpasteurized blue cheese is Stilton. However, some people with intestinal illness develop invasive illness. If youre tired of your regular salad dressings, you can use pasteurized blue cheese sauce instead. Unpasteurized blue cheese has a bacteria called listeria which is known for causing miscarriages. When a pregnant mom eats soft cheese, she is at the risk of being contaminated by Listeria. For cases where theres an early diagnosis, usually, antibiotics are prescribed for effective treatment. A. Caesar Salad Dressing is only safe in pregnancy if the dressing is pasteurized because it usually contains raw egg. Can you eat heated blue cheese when pregnant? . Flip over and brown another 3-4 minutes. Named one of the best blue cheeses in America by the American Cheese Society and a medalist at the World Dairy Expo, our gluten-free Blue Cheese Crumbles add a touch of tangy, creamy deliciousness to any dish. Video Notes When youre pregnant, its safe to eat these cheeses as long as they are cooked. Abnormal development of the baby in the womb. cookingupmemories.com Leah Riley. Dont stress! (Ive had blue cheese like 10 times) its incredibly unlikely to cause trouble. The appearance of crumbs must be anticipated and prepared for. And who doesnt love blue cheese? Remove from oven, and drizzle over Primal Kitchen Vegan Ranch Dressing and green . As long as it is served steaming hot, it will be fine to eat, as pizza is usually cooked at very high temperatures in pizza ovens. Place half of the sauce in the bottom of your crockpot. Most blue cheeses are made using unpasteurized goats milk. Want to play it extra, extra safe? Can I eat gorgonzola on pizza when pregnant? I LOVE blue cheese and my doctor told me as long as its pasteurized that it's fine to eat while pregnant. Obviously youre wondering what can you make out of your hard blue cheeses? Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. All rights reserved. However, it is still important to check if the cheese is made from pasteurized milk. This type of cheese is low in fat but high in sodium which means anyone watching their blood pressure should take care. Calcium. While listeriosis is fairly rare, pregnant women are up to 20 times likelier to get it than the general population (6). listeria, a harmful bacteria that can cause listeriosis. If youre pregnant, you should avoid any blue cheese that includes raw milk. CONTAINS: MILK. NUTRITION FACTS. Avoid unpasteurized dairy products and unpasteurized juices. If youre thinking of having blue cheese while pregnant, you can. Blue cheese is a type of aged cheese prepared from the milk of cows, goats, or sheep. The primary ingredient to make blue cheese is milk - it can be made using milk from cows, goats, and sheep. Mash the crumbles with a fork. Even if it wasnt, its so unlikely that it would cause any harm. What should I avoid during first trimester? Adjust seasonings as desired. Salt water and cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. In Store. Just for a recap, if its soft cook it and eat. Please specify a reason for deleting this reply from the community. Shelf Life of Blue Cheese Most women feel better in their second trimester, but some have morning sickness throughout pregnancy. An estimated 1,600 people get listeriosis each year, and about 260 die. Blue Cheese crumbles (also sometimes called 'Bleu Cheese') are safe if made from pasteurized milk. Listeria is one of the many pathogens that are eliminated through this process. Listeria infection can cause serious illness and even death in newborns. Drain and set aside. Nearly one-quarter of pregnancy-associated cases result in fetal loss or death of the newborn. Blue cheese may carry Listeria The risks of eating blue cheese during pregnancy have nothing to do with the fact that this dairy product is manufactured using mold, as these specific. These are safe if they're made from a hard cheese rather than a soft cheese. Blue Cheese Crumbles, 4 oz. I ate it and afterwards someone said they thought I couldnt eat blue cheese. Besides body changes, pregnancy is also marked as a period with great uncertainties, especially for first-time moms. Pasteurization is a form of food processing that's actually good for you and your baby, safely destroying bacteria in dairy products (and juice) without destroying nutrients. Happily for cheese lovers, most of the cheese sold in the U.S. is completely safe to eat during pregnancy, because most is made from pasteurized milk. 2010-2023 Parenting.FirstCry.com. Product Details. The weakening of the immune system and newborn illnesses. The takeaway. Sometimes nothing may happen and you could luck out. In addition, soft cheeses that have been made using pasteurized milk are perfectly safe too, because this kills listeria entirely. Crumbly Blue Cheeses are those that have less butterfat and have been aged for a longer period of time. Filtered Water, Organic Coconut Oil, Modified Potato Starch, Sea Salt, Potato Starch, Natural Flavors, Less than 2% of . The main reason pizza in pregnancy is not encouraged is because of the high number of wasteful calories it contains. Listeria is a particularly dangerous type of bacteria because it can cause an infection known as listeriosis, which pregnant women are especially vulnerable to due to the hormonal changes in the body that cause weakening of the immune system. However, cooked pepperoni is fine. 5 oz ($0.80/oz) I ate a blue cheese today with my wings definitely a craving I had. Pregnancy is a very critical moment in life. If you want to avoid all risks completely, there are meat-free bacon alternatives available, like soy or mushroom bacon. There are tons of recipes out there online but weve gone with our favourite dishes. This rule also applies to other types of cheese. Cooking the cheese or gettingpasteurized blue cheeseare good ways to get rid of that. cooking oil spray, cream cheese, celery sticks, crumbled blue cheese and 7 more Mini Buffalo Chicken PItas KitchenAid lettuce leaves, tomato, buffalo sauce, grilled chicken, red onion and 2 more Thats because cooking kills off the listeria bacteria. Soft blue cheeses are only safe to eat in pregnancy if they've been cooked. Soft blue cheeses are only safe to eat in pregnancy if they've been cooked. This bacterium can cause listeriosis, a foodborne illness that presents much like the flu or stomach bug (2). But what if the mother indulges in hard blue cheese over the soft blue one? Bring large pot of water to boil. Eat Better Move More | All rights reserved. If youre craving seafood, you can go with a grilled fish steak and top it with shreddedpasteurized blue cheese. Although the CDC states that pregnant women are 20 times more likely to become infected than non-pregnant healthy adults, the number of cases of listeriosis in pregnant women is about 17%. that can produce the listeriosis disease. The National Health Service lists a number of symptoms of listeriosis, including: In addition to these, a more serious case of listeriosis may be present if other symptoms are present, including: If you have any of the symptoms of listeriosis, the infection will usually pass of its own accord and can be treated at home. Same for Brie and other soft cheeses. A Group Leader is a What to Expect community member who has been selected by our staff to help maintain a positive, supportive tone within a group. Is Seared Foie Gras Safe to Eat When Pregnant? An estimated 1,600 people get listeriosis each year, and about 260 die. However, can I eat blue cheese while pregnant? Why Blue Cheese Is Not Safe During Pregnancy? i ate bleu cheese crumbles in a salad the other day and had the same worry. Your CDC estimates that listeriosis is the third leading cause of death from foodborne illness with about 260 deaths per year. nd contrary to what people tend to think the reason is, that blue cheese is made using a mould, this specific mould is safe for consumption the same cannot be said for pregnant women. Listeriosis can cause mild, flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills, muscle aches, and diarrhea or upset stomach. In this recipe, you'll experience the greatness that is the combination of juicy blueberries, crunchy glazed walnuts, sweet pears, and creamy blue cheese crumbles. You would be exceptionally unlucky to get food poisoning from it. What can I do to prevent miscarriage in first trimester? Group Black's collective includes Essence, The Shade Room and Naturally Curly. Call your healthcare provider if you start to feel sick or think you may have listeriosis symptoms. By all means say cheese if you please when youre pregnant, and while youre at it, say it often. The most fragile parts of being pregnant are the health and physical capability to carry a child for months. Avoid ordering bacon at a restaurant because you dont know how well its cooked. The jars of mayonnaise youll find on the shelf at your local grocery store are actually safe to eat at least the vast majority of them. Consuming Ricotta Cheese during Pregnancy Based on the various warnings about gorgonzola and other semi-soft and soft cheeses, many pregnant women feel they must avoid these cheeses altogether. Glenview Farms Blue Cheese Crumbles add the tangy, creamy characteristics of blue cheese to salads, omelets, quiches, pizza, sandwiches and more. Blue cheese dressings often combine blue cheese with mayonnaise, buttermilk, sour cream, vinegar, milk, and onion and garlic powder, though other variations exist. Roquefort blue cheese is made using ewes milk. When you add blue cheese dressing to it, they get an extra layer of creaminess. If you've heard that you should avoid soft cheese when you're expecting, you may wonder about cream cheese in pregnancy. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stipulates that you can eat soft cheeses if their labels indicate that they are pasteurized. Aged over 60 days. Read more: What to Expect With Pregnancy, Week by Week. Looking forward to the arrival of your baby bundle? Whether from the deli counter or out of the bag, you should avoid eating it cold because it can harbor bacteria that can harm your developing baby. It is important to note, however, that though it is much less likely it is not impossible, so if you experience any discomfort following the consumption of hard cheese contact a medical professional for advice. When made from pasteurized milk, most soft cheeses are considered safe to eat during pregnancy. The takeaway. Feta cheese thats been made from pasteurized milk is likely safe to eat because the pasteurization process will kill any harmful bacteria. Theres no denying that! With the right mixes, its definitely a sought-after food. Most restaurants only offer pasteurized cheeses, Twins & Multiples: Your Tentative Time Table, Supposed to start insulin but low #s all day. Unpasteurized dairy products are required by law to have a disclosure in most U.S. states. Note that once you confirm, this action cannot be undone. Proudly Wisconsin Cheese. there is some risk of food born illness because it is a mold ripened cheese. However, they have to forego cheese when theyre pregnant because most of these soft cheeses are made from unpasteurized milk. Instead, because most blue cheese is made with unpasteurized milk, it carries a higher risk of contamination with Listeria monocytogenes. Cheese is an ingredient thats used in almost every dish you come across. If the pizza is raw, there may be a need for concern. Kind of depends on if it was freshly made or a pasteurized dip. Symptoms may appear as late as 2 months after you have eaten something with Listeria. Still, a few blue cheeses are made with pasteurized milk, and these are safe to consume. If your fever goes beyond 100.5F (38C) you will have to contact your local healthcare provider and ask for help. Avoid processed meats such as hot dogs and deli meats. It usually goes away on its own, but can cause serious problems for some people. In terms of texture, prefer hard blue cheese, as it has a lower probability to foster the listeria bacteria. I heard it is not safe to eat soft cheeses. a type of fungi which gives the cheese a distinctive smell and flavour. Is most blue cheese pasteurized? The CDC has linked some listeria infection outbreaks to Mexican-style soft cheeses made from pasteurized milk but under less-than-reliably sanitary conditions, with contamination most likely taking place during the cheese-making. As such, thoroughly cooked dishes, such as pizza with blue cheese, are likely safe to eat while pregnant. What happens if you get Listeria while pregnant? But heres something else you can look forward to: falling hard again for soft cheese. The National Health Service says that all of the listed cheeses can be consumed when pregnant if they have been thoroughly cooked, as this will kill off any potential bacteria that could be residing within, including listeria. It may even result in death. You may be wondering what foods are safe to eat during pregnancy. What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. But dont take chances and watch for the expected symptoms because you want to prevent the infection from getting worse as soon as possible. Ive indulged in deli sandwiches, soft serve, hot dogs, and a smidge of champagne here and there. Sprinkle Wakame or seaweed and it turns into a delicious treat! Cravings are a problem when you become pregnant. Im supposed to start my insulin tonight just for my fasting number but my after lunch and after dinner numbers have been SO much lower than normal. Can you have Caesar dressing when pregnant? At your first prenatal visit, your health care provider likely talked with you about all the foods you should avoid during pregnancy sushi, raw meat, deli meat and unpasteurized cheese to prevent exposure to listeria. Please select a reason for escalating this post to the WTE moderators: Connect with our community members by starting a discussion. This means either microwaved for a few seconds or having the sandwich toasted sometimes a little more than normal. These are made with mould and they can contain listeria, a type of bacteria that can harm your unborn baby. You should also avoid soft blue-veined cheeses such as Danish blue or gorgonzola. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stipulates that you can eat soft cheeses if their labels indicate that they are pasteurized. The blue cheese problem lies in the fact that many types of commercial blue cheese are made from unpasteurized milk, which might contain a dangerous type of bacteria calledListeria monocytogenesthat can produce the listeriosis disease. Your post will be hidden and deleted by moderators. Nearly everyone with listeriosis is hospitalized. In cheese, the molds do not produce the two toxins that generally occur mycotoxins and aflatoxins. IT'S A BLEU-TIFUL DAY. The bottom line is, if you are pregnant always stick with pasteurized dairy products and if you are not sure about this, avoid eating them. Breastfeeding and brie (and feta and quesos of all kind) do mix without worries about listeria. $3.99 /ea. Gluten Free (Wegmans Brand) Wegmans Mild Gorgonzola Crumbles. It can be either consumed as a snack or as part of a recipe or dressing. Subway sandwiches are safe for pregnant women to eat if theyre heated until hot, rather than just warm. Though the overall risk of contracting listeriosis is extremely low even when youre pregnant the potential of it causing problems in pregnancy is higher. Eating food contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes may lead to an infection called listeriosis. Create an account or log in to participate. Try it with candied walnuts and dried cranberries on a whole-grain cracker. Some of the most common listeriosis symptoms in pregnant women are fever, aches and pains, digestive upset, and headaches. Its advised pregnant women avoid some soft cheeses because they are less acidic than hard cheeses and contain more moisture, which means they can be an ideal environment for harmful bacteria, such as listeria, to grow in. I LOVE blue cheese and my doctor told me as long as its pasteurized that it's fine to eat while pregnant. For example, the type sold in tubs and used as a salad topping. Cooked Blue Cheese While Pregnant Can I Eat Blue Cheese While Pregnant?, Can I Eat Blue Cheese While Pregnant? Just be sure to check the label when buying or when out to eat to ensure your cake is made with pasteurized ingredients. Blue Cheese Crumbles. Listeria can infect the placenta, the amniotic fluid, and the baby, and can cause miscarriage or stillbirth. Find out more about which cheeses arent safe during pregnancy in our gallery of foods to avoid, below. How long after eating Listeria do you get sick? Sprinkle some hard blue cheese on your pizza over the toppings for a delicious treat. Ricotta is a popular cheese used in many recipes. Soft cheeses and precooked meats such as hot dogs and deli meats often harbor the germ. While it is not always putting an expecting mother at risk, lowering any sort of risk is the entire point. 1 - In a mixing bowl, combine all ingredients together. Can you eat melted gorgonzola when pregnant? Indulge your tastebuds with our tangy, lusciously creamy Dairy-Free Bleu Cheese Crumbles. Most ricotta cheese youll find at the grocery store is made using pasteurized milk. This means the body has to work harder to resist the infection of listeria, and sometimes is unable to do so. If youre pregnant and have eaten blue cheese, dont panic. Blue cheese contributes essential vitamins and minerals to your breast-feeding diet, but you shouldn't consume too much because it also contains large amounts of saturated fat and sodium. Newborn babies infected with Listeria can develop either early onset or late onset listeriosis. But if you find yourself reaching out for soft cheeses a lot, we will always suggest making sure theyre made from pasteurized milk. Blue cheese is an aged cheese made from cow's, goat's or sheep's milk. The views expressed in community are solely the opinions of participants, and do not reflect those of What to Expect. Symptoms of listeriosis include fever, nausea, diarrhoea, and muscle ache. These are safe if theyre made from a hard cheese rather than a soft cheese. Mash: In a small bowl add the blue cheese crumbles and buttermilk. You can also eat Stilton blue cheese thats made from unpasteurized milk. Studies in animals have shown that mold can increase the chance of birth defects when it is eaten in large quantities, but there is no proven risk to a pregnancy or a baby from exposure to airborne mold during pregnancy. Symptoms are usually mild. Listeria, a type of food poisoning, can lead to vomiting and diarrhea. The safest way to consume blue cheese while pregnant is by cooking it. And heres another: Eat it in combo with whole grain crackers (or other complex carbs), and cheese may help curb your quease, boost your energy and your mood, head off headaches, and improve your sleep. While the exact reason for this effect remains unclear, researchers. Not the best thing to eat and I wouldnt continue eating it. Saute onions and garlic until tender and lightly brown, about 5 minutes. Is pasteurized gorgonzola safe during pregnancy? Did we mention we love pizza? Where does that leave your next Greek salad, spoonful of blue cheese crumbles, plate of fresh mozzarella? Resealable. Most restaurants only offer pasteurized cheeses bethanybarron97 May 18, 2019 at 6:16 PM It was probably made with pasteurized milk! This type of cheese is low in fat but high in sodium which means anyone watching their blood pressure should take care. Build your shopping list for: Choose a new shopping mode. Pregnant women are 10 times more likely than other people to get a Listeria infection. How will I know if I have listeriosis? Make an indent in the middle and fill with a couple of blue cheese crumbles. Find What Is the Safest Way to Eat Ceviche? If you live in the US or Canada they can only serve pasteurized cheese so you should be ok! It was most likely bottled dressing that had been super pasteurized. Make sure you choose a variety thats made from pasteurised milk. If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. There is a potential for exposure to salmonella in raw eggs and foods containing raw eggs, such as homemade cookie dough, Caesar dressing, ice cream, hollandaise sauce, and mayonnaise. Blue Cheese Crumbles: Blue Cheese (Pasteurized Milk, Salt, Cheese Cultures, Enzymes, Penicillium Roqueforti), Powdered Cellulose Added to Prevent Caking, Natamycin (A Natural Mold Inhibitor). Should Pregnant Women Hold Off Eating Feta Cheese? Symptoms of listeriosis may show up 2-30 days after exposure. Jumping to the question about if it is safe or not to eat blue cheese during pregnancy, the answer is. Noted for its distinctive spots, the cheese has a salty, sharp and pungent note to it. Whats scary for moms-to-be, however, is that having it during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm birth. In addition, pregnant women are around 20 times more likely to get contaminated with Listeria bacteria when compared to non-pregnant healthy adults. Its blue or greenish spots are created with spores ofPenicillium a type of fungi which gives the cheese a distinctive smell and flavour. You can top them with chicken breast, nuts, veggies and olive oil. Can 3 month old babies hold their head up? Hard cheese, because it has a far lower moisture content (bacteria breed best in moist conditions) is not considered a listeria risk, even when its made from unpasteurized milk. Spoiled blue cheese may turn slimy, crumbly, or tough and dry. Wtf I ate it every day before I got pregnant. alone. Can you eat heated blue cheese when pregnant? blue cheese (pasteurized milk, cheese cultures, salt, microbial enzyme, penicillium roguefort) natamycin (for freshness) mayonnaise (expeller pressed canola oil, water, whole eggs, apple cider vinegar, egg yolks, salt, white mustard (distilled white vinegar,water, mustard seed, salt), lemon juice concentrate), sour . What to Expect With Pregnancy, Week by Week. Although uncommon, listeriosis the disease produced by the listeria bacteria is a potentially deadly illness. 28% lower sodium. This primarily foodborne infection is particularly dangerous for expectant moms, who are about 20 times more likely to develop listeriosis after eating a contaminated food than other healthy adults are. Do not panic!
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