The filter service life indicator turns blue. Five major factors affect the extent of permeation: All personnel, clothing, equipment, and samples leaving the contaminated area of a site (generally referred to as the Exclusion Zone) must be decontaminated to remove any harmful chemicals or infectious organisms that may have adhered to them. Which of the following is correct when it comes to MOPP? M291 SDK - To decontaminate your skin completely, through physical removal, absorption, and neutralization of toxic agents without long-term effects. Certain contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which are common in many refined oils and solvent wastes, fluoresce and can be visually detected when exposed to ultraviolet light. Immediate decontamination The solvent must be chemically compatible with the equipment being cleaned. Hot weather rest station maybe set up within this area for personnel returning to site. 5. 12. Clothing that is not completely decontaminated should be placed in plastic bags, pending further decontamination and/or disposal. Worker's canister is exchanged. 5. Disinfection/Sterilization. Properly stowing the AAL, accessories and mask. Tighten the cheek straps. Hazardous Response Support Division, Washington. 11. All victims have recently been in an area where canisters exploded spraying them with an amber colored liquid that smells like flowers and burns intensely. CBRN medical treatment kits are issued to medical elements based on the CBRN threat. 5. Patients with concurrent surgical injuries and radiation exposure should either be operated on expeditiously or _____________________________. Some detergents can be used with organic solvents to improve the dissolving and dispersal of contaminants into the solvent. 5. Prior to each use, the personal protective equipment (PPE) should be checked to ensure that is contains no cuts or punctures that could expose workers to wastes. Which of the following is not a consideration during treatment of the victims? Size of contaminant molecules and pore space. What Improvement to the M50 field protective mask (FPM) indicates that the M61 filters are no longer serviceable? Chemical disinfectants are a practical means of inactivating infectious agents. The amount of radiation that an individual absorbs depends on ____? The "green" formulations involve the use of a water-based solution consisting of a synthetic biodegradable polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), together with a natural polymer (sodium alginate) as the polymer matrix and bentonite as . 3. In addition, site conditions may permit the use of cooling devices such as cool water hose, ice packs, cool towels, etc. These include alcohols, chlorine and chlorine compounds, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, ortho -phthalaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, iodophors, peracetic acid, phenolics, and quaternary ammonium . Surface contaminants may be easy to detect and remove; however, contaminants that have permeated a material are difficult or impossible to detect and remove. horizontal parallel plates as shown in Fig. 3. Patient is alert and oriented during the exam. FM 3-11.4. Decontamination protocol for health personnel in response to a CBRN attack or chemical accident in the United Kingdom (3) . Curtains, enclosures, or spray booths to contain splashes from pressurized sprays. 3. Wash hands and face if shower is not available. Removal of adhesive contaminants can be enhanced through certain methods such as solidifying, freezing (e.g., using dry ice or ice water), adsorption or absorption (e.g., with powdered lime or kitty litter), or melting. What is the correct procedure for doffing the M50 Joint-Service General Purpose Mask (JSGPM)? (Continue to decision arrow below) Further Medical Attention or Surveillance Required? 1. How is the victim of a pulmonary agent exposure presenting with respiratory distress less than 4 hours after exposure classified? Volatile liquids. Slowly passing a radiation detector (RADIAC) over the entire body. 18. What is the likely culprit? Patient presents with 5-day-old blisters/rash mostly on the arm, face and hands. It is reported that the smell of bitter almonds is in the air. 4. What level of civilian chemical equipment would healthcare providers don when providing Deposit in container with plastic liner. What is the preferred treatment to block the effects of excessive ACh? Wash and rinse buckets for use in the decontamination of operator areas inside vehicles and equipment. Scrub with long-handle scrub brush and decon solution. Water rinse, using pressurized or gravity flow. Rinsing removes contaminants through dilution, physical attraction, and solubilization. What is the best decontamination method for biological agents? If Yes, (Arrow to third box below) Are the decontamination materials compatible with the materials to be decontaminated? on plastic drop cloths. These should be at least large enough for a worker to place a booted foot in, and should have either no drain or a drain connected to a collection tank or appropriate treatment system. There are 4 main categories of physical and chemical means of decontamination: (1) heat; (2) liquid disinfection; (3) vapors and gases; and (4) radiation. The mechanisms of solidification are: (1) moisture removal through the use of absorbents such as grounded clay or powdered lime: (2) chemical reactions via polymerization catalysts and chemical reagents; and (3) freezing using ice water. (b) Draw a diagram showing the locations of the two sheets, labeling the regions and drawing the field lines for each region. Rinse off decon solution from station 2 using copious amounts of water. What method is used to estimate a radiation dose by measuring the biological response to an absorbed dose of ionizing radiation? He exhibits symptoms of fever, mild hypotension, flushing, conjunctival injection, and now a bad rash has appeared that is bleeding in spots. cool down stations maybe set up within this area. Pose a direct health hazard to workers (e.g., vapors from chemical decontamination solutions may be hazardous if inhaled, or they may be flammable). In industry, cyanide compounds are widely used during: A group of victims has been admitted to your triage unit. __________ occurs outside of the incident area when people come in contact with a contaminated person or object. Lockers and cabinets for storage of decontaminated clothing and equipment. During hot weather operations, a cool down station may be set up within this area. In general, all fasteners should be used (i.e., zippers fully closed, all buttons used, all snaps closed, etc.) What toxin do you suspect and how do you treat it? Remove boot covers and deposit in container with plastic liner. Different Methods of Chemical Decontamination Chemical spills can be found in various forms from gas, liquid, solid, fumes, dust, fibers, or vapors. Hard hat is removed. If Yes, (Arrow to fourth box below) Can appropriate decontamination materials or process pose health or safety hazards? Wash chemical-resistant splash suit, SCBA, gloves and safety boots. Decontamination workers who initially come in contact with personnel and equipment leaving the Exclusion Zone will require more protection from contaminants than decontamination workers who are assigned to the last station in the decontamination line. Vesicant (blister) agents include all of the following, EXCEPT: A patient who works at an insecticide manufacturing plant is admitted to the emergency room. Saving and protecting life Saving of life is the first priority of all responding agencies. Don your mask before going into the room Select the three components, in correct order of administration, utilized in the treatment for cyanide exposure. skin-corrosive or skin-absorbable materials are known or suspected to be present. Wrap SCBA regulator (if belt mounted type) with plastic to keep out water. 2. Drop cloths of plastic or other suitable materials on which heavily contaminated equipment and outer protective clothing may be deposited. Remove or neutralize contamination. What is the best method of decontamination CBRN? Buckets, brushes, clothing, tools, and other contaminated equipment should be collected, placed in containers, and labeled. The exercise tested combinations of 3 methods: dry decontamination with absorbent bandages, shower system and "technical decontamination", in which specialized teams rubbed volunteers with water and detergents . In this procedure, a dry or wet cloth, glass fiber filter paper, or swab is wiped over the surface of the potentially contaminated object and then analyzed in a laboratory. Station 7: Suit/Safety Boot Wash (within the CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE), to Station 8: Suit/SCBA/Boot/Glove Rinse. Encase the source of contaminants, e.g., with plastic sheeting or overpacks. Which of these are fast-acting compounds that attack oxygen-dependent tissues known to be particularly sensitive to these compounds? To the right of the HOTLINE, above the rectangle, two circles indicate the location of the Decon Solution and Water. Scrubbing/scraping. 37.3/NTTP 3-11.26/AFTTP(I)3-2.60, CBRN Decontamination: Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear Decontamination, April 2006. The amount, location, and containment of contaminants. Give the periodic group number and number of valence electrons for this atom. c. 2-3 Long-Handled. Rinse off decon solution from station 2 usingcopious amounts of water. SCBA deposited on plastic sheets. The atmosphere pressure is 1.00 atm. 9. A patient is suffering from painful, highly corrosive burns similar to acid, and wheals have begun to appear on the skin. If worker leaves exclusion zone to change air tank, this is the last step in the decontamination procedure. Paper or cloth towels for drying protective clothing and equipment. Type of decontamination that is carried out by a unit to reduce contamination equal to natural background or to the lowest level possible. Contaminants can be located either on the surface of personal protective equipment or permeated into the PPE material. Smallpox can spread from one person to another by the following routes: For which virus is the mosquito not known as a possible vector? These cleaning solutions normally utilize one or more of the following methods: Dissolving contaminants. For this reason, disposable PPE is recommended for use with infectious agents. Boots,chemical-resistant suit, inner gloves removed and deposited in separate containers lined with plastic. High Yield Explosives is described as having materials that rapidly release large amounts of energy and produce a pressure shock wave during detonation. Open sorbent pack Similarly, any injuries to the skin surface, such as cuts and scratches, may enhance the potential for chemicals or infectious agents that directly contact the worker's skin to penetrate into the body. Wait 10 to 15 minutes after injection. If immediate medical treatment is required to save a life, decontamination should be delayed until the victim is stabilized. Your unit has responded within minutes to a suspected CBRNE incident. Rinse solutions selected to wash off and reduce the hazards associated with the contaminants. It is usually a location in a shaded area in which the wind can help to cool personnel. Temperature. Nuclear/Radiological Incident Task Force Cover equipment and tools with a strippable coating which can be removed during decontamination. Administer the ATNAA. 7. Wear disposable outer garments and use disposable equipment where appropriate. Molecules flow from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration. Infinite negatively charged sheet 2 is parallel to sheet 1 and has uniform surface charge density 2=8.0nC/m2\sigma _ { 2 } = - 8.0 \mathrm { nC } / \mathrm { m } ^ { 2 }2=8.0nC/m2. If you are capable of injecting yourself with an ATNAA during self-aid, you do not need the CANA. You approach the scene of a terrorist incident that occurred 2 minutes prior in an enclosed room. 2. (A series of three arrows in the upper right, one arrow 20 degrees above and the other arrow 20 degrees below the central arrow, indicate wind direction toward the HOTLINE.) If No, (Arrow to box on left side below) Take additional measures to prevent contamination or find another decontamination method. Why is it important to preserve biodiversity? Take a deep breath and hold it. Chest x-rays reveal a widened mediastinum and the patient's white blood cell count is elevated. Which of the following statements does NOT describe Brucellosis? Household detergents are among the most common surfactants. The following advanced imaging techniques are discussed in the text: CT, angiography, PET, sonography, and MRI Disconnect hose from regulator valve. Decontamination methods may: The chemical and physical compatibility of the decontamination solutions or other decontamination materials must be determined before they are used. 1. Fully encapsulated suit is removed with assistance of a helper and laid out on a dropcloth or hung up. Assuming you want a sentence related to the background information: The best way to learn something new is to break it down into small, manageable steps. (End), If Yes, (Arrow to box below) Transport to Medical Facility (End). 17. A patient is exhibiting the following symptoms: Fever, Cough, Dyspnea, Prominent gastrointestinal symptoms, Absence of buboes. There are 4 main categories of physical and chemical means of decontamination: (1) heat; (2) liquid disinfection; (3) vapors and gases; and (4) radiation. Treatment of patients suffering from pulmonary agent exposure should focus on? These types of weapons have the ability to create both mass casualties as well as mass disruption of society. All personnel should be trained in the Standard Operating Procedures for minimizing contact and maximizing worker protection, and these procedures should be enforced throughout site operations. Soap or wash solution, wash cloths, and towels for personnel. Washing with warm, soapy water. EPA Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. Presidential Policy Directive-8 Decontamination will be conducted in the __________ hazard zone. You are going to be a passenger in a vehicle providing security support to a convoy and need to change your M50 mask waist carry to shoulder carry configuration. Raise the mask to your face and place your chin firm in the chin cup Federal law establishes \rule{1cm}{1pt} schedules of classification for the control of dangerous drugs. How does cyanide cause cell death in the body? They inhibit the enzyme Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) allowing Acetylcholine (ACh) to accumulate. Removing clothing and washing with warm soapy water. What form of ionizing radiation can penetrate deeply into body tissue? The Mask Only command is given when Riot Control Agents (RCAs) are being employed, and no chemical-biological (CB) threat exists. What directive establishes policies to strengthen the preparedness of the US to prevent and respond to threatened or actual domestic terrorist attack, major disasters and other emergencies by requiring a national domestic all-hazards preparedness goal? Wearing PPE can put the responder at considerable risk both physically and psychologically. You suspect Lewisite. 2. 4) Which of the following decontamination method is NOT recommended for removing vesicants from casualties? What type of viral infection do you suspect? 11. Each station emphasizes-an important aspect of decontamination. 5. Stow audio equipment in main stowage area. Use a stick to remove large globs of agent off the skin. Contact time. Physical Removal- This process involves the relocation of a contaminating agent from its current location to a less critical location. Before you begin an immediate eye decontamination, you should first ensure which of the following has occurred? The decontamination site should NOT be located: Near waterways and drainage systems What is the best method of decontamination? 4. For this reason, minimizing contact time is one of the most important objectives of a decontamination program. Upgrade to MOPP IV. In pursuit of the President's goal of national preparedness, it is essential that the nation has reliable chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) countermeasures equipment that can be used with confidence for the protection of life, health, property and commerce. Following a nuclear detonation, some of the casualties with survivable injuries are possibly contaminated with If No, (Arrow to box to the right) Report to Superiors for Instructions. Emergency decontamination has become a major response objective of first responders to terrorist incidents. If No, (Arrow to box on left side below) Take additional measures to prevent contamination or find another decontamination method. 5. Rub sorbent into target areas 6. What is the correct procedure to decontaminate personal equipment using M100 SDS? The PRISM documentation comprises three volumes: Volume 1 Strategic Guidance, Second Edition If No, (Arrow to box below) Decontaminate as much as possible. Remove mitt for decom kit Which of the below courses of action is most appropriate for the situation? Pulmonary (choking) agents primarily enter the victim by what means? 5. 1.2 Protective equipment must be worn by personnel when response activities involve known or suspected hazardous substances. Which of the following is considered a pulmonary (choking) agent? For which virus is the mosquito not known as a possible vector? The Equipment Drop Area (from left to right) is indicated by a rectangle with a circle below indicating the location of the Plastic sheet and a right pointing arrow to another rectangle divided by a diagonal line into the Decon Outer Garments area and the Remove Boot Covers and Outer Gloves area with a circle below indicating the location of a 10 gallon can. The following methods may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of decontamination. 'CBRN' is the abbreviation commonly used to describe the malicious use of Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear materials or weapons with the intention to cause significant harm or. EXCLUSION ZONE (Each station has a numbered hexagon and arrow pointing to next station in a line above the HOTLINE) A flow chart from Station 1: Segregated Equipment Drop, to Station 2: Boot Cover & Glove Wash, to Station 3: Boot Cover & Glove Rinse, to Station 4: Tape Removal, to Station 5: Boot Cover Removal, to Station 6: Outer Glove Removal (The arrow at Station 6 points downward across the HOTLINE into the CONTAMINATION REDUCTION ZONE.